Free PDF The Demon Under The Microscope
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The Demon Under The Microscope
Free PDF The Demon Under The Microscope
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Audible Audiobook
Listening Length: 12 hours and 14 minutes
Program Type: Audiobook
Version: Unabridged
Publisher: Tantor Audio
Audible.com Release Date: October 27, 2006
Whispersync for Voice: Ready
Language: English, English
ASIN: B000K2VB88
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
This book gave a historical account of the impacts and treatment of infectious disease and the rolls of physicians, pharmacists, chemical companies, individual scientists, government regulations, consumers, colonialism, and two world wars before, during, and after the discovery of the antibiotic properties of sulfa drugs. This book is part biography of the Nobel Prize winning German research scientist who tested hundreds of dye-based chemicals on thousands of infected research animals, as well as in vitro on various pathogenic bacteria. The author provides background on the state of infectious disease in hospitals, among general populations, in colonial wars, and during WWI and II and the research and treatment trends at the time. He also notes the lack of standardized large-scale, double-blind human drug trials and points out how haphazard and, by today's standards, unethical testing occurred on African citizens, institutionalized mental health patients, orphans and prisoners, military personnel, and uninformed patients. There were also unethical forced mutilations, infections, and treatments conducted in Nazi concentration camps. Some prisoners were forced to work as slave labourers at the chemical companies, as well.The author goes on the explore the barely-regulated US pharmaceutical environment of snake-oil remedies marketed directly to consumers, who diagnosed themselves or consulted druggists and bought whatever they wanted for self-medication. The proliferation of sulfa-based remedies from less reliable chemical companies led to multiple deaths and finally led to federal laws updating and strengthening the regulatory power of the FDA. This is a highly relevant story in this age of government deregulation.
As a physician, I had heard the story of Fleming's discovery of penicillin often, but the development of the first clinically available antibiotic, sulfa, is a fascinating story that is not widely known. Instead of the inspired alchemy of a brilliant scientist that one assumes goes into the discovery of a brand new class of medications, the discovery of sulfa is a much more methodical affair of a driven science team funded by the deep pockets of a huge corporation. Interwoven with the events of two world wars and German industrialism, the story touches of both the scientific and personal challenges of a years-long drug development effort.My only complaint is that the book title implies a look into the development of antibiotics in general, where in reality, it only recounts the development of sulfa alone. There is only passing reference to Fleming and penicillin.All in all, a fascinating book that should be required reading for all medical students as well as physicians and anyone interested in how we arrived in the modern medical era we are in today.
This book is a literary delight. It has everything we seek in a good book: a serious subject, fascinating characters, and masterful writing. I encountered the book by accident. As a five year old child I was given sulfa as an experimental, last resort, drug that saved my life. Eighty years later, I was curious about this event at Johns Hopkins, started looking into the history. This book popped up, so I ordered it. Apart from my personal interest, the book shows how the scientific process works, how it has progressed, and how dependent it is upon both circumstance and personal qualities. It is simply a masterpiece.
Thomas Hager opens Demon Under The Microscope with compelling descriptions of December 7 1941's wounded and those who cared for them. The setting is Tripler General Hospital in Hawaii. Ambulances, trucks, and cars bring the torn, the lacerated, and the roasted to the hospital. When it is filled the lawns of the facility are covered with the injured. The hospital's three operating rooms are in service for nearly a full day. Surprisingly and quite unlike World War One, there is not a single death from infection.In the first three chapters, Hager weaves stories of battlefield medicine from before the discovery from the French Revolution to World War One. The science of bacteriology began immediately before and during the First World War in which soldiers living in earthworks and trenches could die and without even be wounded. It was a world without antibiotics. In Germany, Gerhard Domagk and his colleagues at Bayer Corporation worked constantly to identify which microscopic bacteria caused tuberculosis, malaria, and blood poisoning. Discovered in 1932, sulfa became the first of the modern antibiotics.Hager addresses the biology and chemistry of the discovery through the competitive personalities, the national environments, and the aggressive international marketplace. Patent wars, lawsuits, dying children of U.S. Presidents, a nearly dead Winston Churchill after the Teheran Conference move the story forward. Research chemists, laboratory mice, and fortunate and unfortunate accidents may be mundane, but not when the Nazi's are looking over shoulders and monitoring research labs. Nazi chieftan Reinhard Heydrich was wounded by Czech assassins and, due to a possible misuse of sulfa, dies. To find out if sulfa was the cause, Ravenbruck concentration camp's laboratory conducts infection and sulfa studies on women prisoners.For those who have seen Saving Private Ryan, recall the episode where the medic is wounded in the assault on the Nazi communication post. He wound was dusted with white powder, a sulfa drug. Demon Under the Microscope is a well paced, personality driven suspense story of scientific discovery. There are no photographs in the book; it would have been enhanced by portraits of the main characters. On the other hand, your mind supplies the visuals from Hager's descriptions.
This is an extremely interesting book and I have learned so much about the history of antibiotics and how they get to market. I actually have some old flyers from the early 1900's that tout magical cures etc. Great read.
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